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There is nothing obvious at all. Neither Lovelock nor Doolittle mean it metaphorically. And they are explicit about it. Besides, it would be a bad metaphor.

We don’t need Kauffman to tell us that organisms have agency in that sense. Darwin said it much earlier.

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Figs in Winter
Figs in Winter

Written by Figs in Winter

by Massimo Pigliucci, a scientist, philosopher, and Professor at the City College of New York. Exploring and practicing Stoicism & other philosophies of life.

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